And william d



(No Model.) 2-Sheets-Sh6et 1.

J. W. EASTON. ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 445,546. Patented'Feb. 3,1891.

iiiiiiiiiiii'iiiiiii Witmoow I awomtm atto'cwug WE mm In: at. mom-mum, vuammrou, n, c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES \V. EASTON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO P. MINTURN SMITH, OF PLAINEIELD, NElV JERSEY, AND XVILLIAM D. PERRY, OE BROOKLYN,

NElV YORK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 445,546, dated February 3, 1891.

Application filed February 19, 1890. Serial No. 340,986. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES W. Easron, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Electric Lamps; and I hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

My invention relates to electric-arc lamps, and has for its object the production of an arc lamp simple in its construction, both in its electrical and mechanical features, positive and reliable in its operation, and capable of being cared for by comparatively unskilled persons.

To this end my invention consists in the novel electrical and mechanical features and in the arrangement, combination, and construction of devices,parts, and details hereinafter described, and specifically pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a front elevation, partly in section, of the opcrating parts of a lamp embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof, and Fig. 3 is a diagram of the electric circuits.

The operating parts of the lamp are inclosed within a suitable casing A, and are secured 0 to the top and bottom boards B B in any suitable manner. The carbon-carrying rod 0 is provided with a rack c and slides freely through holes in the top and bottom boards B B. A pinion D, rigidly mounted upon the .axle (l, meshes with rack o. The axle (Z is journaled in a pivotally-supported frame E and carries the ratchet or escapement wheel F, rigidly secured to the axle. The frame E is pivotally supported by the bearing-screws 0 c, which are carried by the lugs or arms g, projecting from the standards G, which, with the standard G, form the frame-work of the lamp. The bearing-screws 6 may be adjusted and are held in place by the jam-nuts e. The core 5 h of a solenoid H is suspended or attached to one end of the frame E, and to the opposite end of said frame is secured a mass of magnetic material I, which is adapted to act as an armature to the electro-magnet J, which is energized, as hereinafter described.

provided with the downwardly-projecting 5o pole-piecesjj. This weight of the armature I also tends to depress its end of the frame E when the solenoid H and magnet J are do- This last-mentioned function of said armature may be conveniently assisted by the spiral spring K, the tension of which maybe properly regulated by the thumb-nuts 7t 7t, although of course, if the armature be sufficiently heavv, the spring K may be dispensed with. v

An escapement L, engaging with wheel F, is journa-led in bearings in the arms g, which are secured to the standard G. These arms are provided with slots to receive the screws g so that their position relatively to the escapement-wheel F may be adjusted as desired. To the axle Z of the escapement L is secured the fan Z to govern the movement of v the escapement, and from one end of said escapement projects the pin Z with which, un- 7o der certain conditions, the upwardly-extending arm M, secured to frame E, is adapted to engage.

For the purpose of carrying the cscanementwheel F out of engagement with the escape- 75 ment L, and thus permitting the carbon-rod O to be moved freely up and down, the rod N is provided. The rod N slides freely in the sleeve a, suitably placed in the bot-tom board B. When it is desired to clean or-trim the So lamp or replace the carbons, the rod N is lifted up, carrying with it the end of frame E and lowering the escapement-wheel F out of engagement with escapement L. At the same time the arm M engages with pin Z and prevents that end of the escapement L from following the escapement-wl1eel F as the latter is lowered. When the escapement-wheel F is lowered sufficiently, the rod N is turned so that the pin it enters the bayonet-slot 7L2 c of sleeve 02, thus holding the wheel F and escapement L out of engagement and permitting the carbon-rod to be moved freely up and down until such time as the rod N is lowered, when the action of spring K and the weight of armature I will carry the wheel F and escapement L into engagement again.

A diderentially-wound electro-magnet O,

, coil.

cuit lies through theatrbons to the conductor having the pole-face 0 and the pivoted armature o, is secured-to the bottom-board BC When the magnet O'is energized, the armature 0' is attracted to the pole-face 0, and when the same is tie-energized said armature falls and comes into electrical contact with the contact-piece -P, secured to the bottomboar-dB.

The foregoing description of my invention relates, chiefly, to the novel mechanical features comprised in the same, and I will now proceed to describe a novel arrangement of electro-magnets and electric circuits by means of which the same may be rendered operative, although I wish it clearly understood that I do not intend to limit my invention to any particular arrangement of said magnets and circuits, as the mechanical features of the inventionmay be used in connection with other and, different electrical features.

The main orzarc circuit of the lamplies through a conductorl of low resistance, which leads from .the @binding-post p, to which one terminal-of the working-circuit is connected to. thecarbon rod .0, passing round the core of electro-magnct. 'O andforming thereon .the

Fromthecarbon-rod O the main'cir- 2, of-low resistance, and thence to the binding- .postpZto which the other terminal of the:

working-circuit is connected. A conductor 3, of .very low. resistance,is connected with conductor 1 at p and with the pivoted armature 0 of magnet and the path of the currentlies throughsaidarmature to the conductor 4,

which passes around the core of 1n agnet J,for1nin gthereon the coil j, and thence to the bindin g-post 11 This circuit forms a shunt of very low. resistance around the main circuit of the lamp. AI secondv shunt-circuit, but'of .very high resistance, is formed by the conductor. 5, which is connected with the conductorl at p passes thence around the core of magnet O, forming thereon the.co1l0 to thesolenoid.

H, and. thence to the binding-postp? The-operationof my invention will. now be readily, understood, and is as follows: The

carbon-rod 0 having been properly adjusted so that whenno current .is on the lamp the carbons will be. separated, being held outof contact by the weight ofv the armature I, which tends to depress its endof frame E, thus raising the escapjement-wheel F until it is locked by engagement, with escapement L. If new the current be turned on,it finds a circuit of low.

resistance through conductor 1, armature 0', contact-piece P, conducior4, and coil 7, and

energizes the electro-magnetJ, thus attracting cordinglydescends until the carbons come together;' \Vhen the contact between the carbons is established, a current is completed through the main circuitof the lamp, which .be drawn'into the coil.

includes the coil 0 of magnet O. This causes the magnet O to become energized, and the tongue or armature 0 is attracted to the pole 0 of the magnet, thus breaking the shunt-cit: ouit first described and de-energizing the magnet J, which permits the armature I to descend,and the carbon-rod O is thereby lifted sufficiently to separate the carbons and establish the are. As the carbons are consumed the resistance of the arc and consesequently of the direct circuit, is increased, and when such resistance becomes excessive a portion of the current will flow through the high-resistance shunt-circuit and will energize the solenoid l-l, the core h of which will The end of frame E, to which the core 7L is attached, will thus be depressed sufficiently to permitthe escapement L to: vibrate, and thus permit the carbon-rod-O to descend and bringthecarbonsnearer together. Should it descend more .rapidlythan the rate of consumption ofthe carbons will warrant, the resistanceof the arc is decreased, the action of the solenoid is weakened, and the weight of the armature I will depress the opposite end of frame E,'-thus raising the'rod-C until the are is ofthe proper length, when, thefeed is resumed, as before. On the other hand, shouldthefeed be too slow the solenoid Hwill become strongerand theyibration of the escapement L, and consequently the rate of descent of the rod-O, will be increased. By means of the slots in thesupports g' of. the escapement Lthepo sition of the escapement may be-varied, sothat the voltageat which the lamp will feed: may be'alteredyasdesired. Should thecar: bon-rod'stick and refuse to descend at all, the. resistance of the arc circuit will gradually-in-.

crease as the carbons are consumed, and-when it becomes so great that the potential necessary to forceuthe. currentv thrOughthein-J creased resistance increases the magnetizing power of -coil 0 so that it equals vthat of coil 0 the coils will neutralize-each otherandthe armature. will fall into contact with the piece P,: thusre-establishing ,the low-resistance ishunt-circuit and depriving the maincircuit and coil-0 included therein, of current. As the resistance of this shunt-circuit is so low :compared with that ofthe highmesistance shuntcircuit-, the coil a which is included in the, latter, will receive onlyv a negligible amount of current, and the magnet 0 williremain. inactive, permittingthe armatureo to remain. mcontactwith piecezP until the car .bons come together. again, .when the .actbf vlighting and thefeeding 0t. thelcarbons will.

proceed asbefore. When'the carbonsare not in the lamp and the current is turned.on,.the

- main circuitwill be open andthecurrent will flow throughthe low-resistance shuntcircuit. It is obvious that anelectro -rnagnet or other equivalent mechanism may, if desired, be substituted for the solenoid H without de v parting in-the least from my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an arc lamp, the combination of the carbon-carrying rod, an escapement-wheel adapted to control the movement thereof, a pivoted frame on which said escapemcntwheel is mounted, an escapement mounted on the fixed frame of the lamp for controlling the movement of said wheel, and means for adjusting the position of the axis of said cscapement, whereby the lamp may be arranged to feed at any desired voltage, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In an arc lamp, the combination of the carbon-rod, an escapement-wheel connected therewith, a pivot-ed frame in which said cscapement-wheel is journaled, an escapement controlling the movement of said wheel, and a stop onsaid frame adapted to engage with said escapement and prevent it from swinging into contact with the wheel when the latter is lowered beyond a certain point, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In an arc lamp, the combination of the carbon-rod, an escapementwheel connected therewith, a pivoted frame in which said escapement-wheel is journaled, an escapement controlling the movement of said wheel, and a stop on said frame adapted to engage with said escapement and prevent it from swinging into contact with the wheel when the latter is lowered beyond a certain point, and a support N, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In an arc lamp, the combination of the carbon-rod, an escapement-wheel mounted on a pivoted frame or lever and adapted to con trol the movement of said rod, an escapement mounted on the fixed frame of the lamp for controlling the movement of said wheel, a high-resistance magnet arranged in a shunt of the main circuit for controlling the movement of the feeding mechanism, a low-resistance magnet also in a shunt of the main circuit and operating when energized to release the feeding mechanism and complete the main circuit of the lamp, and a magnet arranged in the main circuit for throwing said low-resistance shunt-magnet out of action when the main circuit is completed, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. In an arc lamp, the combination, with the carbon-rod and feeding mechanism, substantially as described, for controlling the movement thereof, of a solenoid or electro-magnet arranged in a high-resistance shunt of the main circuit: of the lamp, an electro-mag not provided with two coils wound in oppo site directions to oppose each others action, one coil being in permanent connection with the main circuit of the lamp and the other coil being in permanent connection with said high-resistance shunt-circuit, and a low-resistance shunt-circuit adapted to be closed when the action of one of said coils neutralizes the effectof the other, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

6. In an arc lamp, the combination of the carbon rod, the escapement-wheel and escapement controlling the movement thereof, a pivoted frame in which said escapementwheel is journaled, a solenoid or electromagnet arranged in a high-resistance shunt of the main circuit of the lamp and having its core or armature connected with said frame, an armature or electi'oqnagnet arranged in a lowu'esistance shunt of the main circuit and having its armature attached to said frame, and an electrounagnet provided with a pivoted amature and with two coils wound in opposite directions, one coil being in the main circuit of the lamp and the other in the said high-resistance shunt-circuit, the armature of said lastmcntion ed magnet acting as a switch to close the said low-resistance shunt-circuit when the core of its magnet is tie-energized, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. In an automatic cut-out for are lamps, the combination of a magnet having a difierentially-wound core, one coil thereof being in the main circuit of the lamp and the other coil thereof being in a high-resistance shunt of said main circuit, and a pivoted armature and a contact-point, both in a low-resistance shunt of the main circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

JAMES \V. EASTON.

Witnesses:

S. G. METCALF, Ones. A. MURPHEY. 

